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<br />3 <br />sericea) and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides). Farther away from the waterline, and <br />closer to the habitat transition zone, planting bare-root seedlings of peachleaf willow (Salix <br />amygdaloides), sandbar willow (Salix interior), Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), and plains <br />cottonwood (Populus deltoides monilifera) will be utilized. <br /> <br />The live stake work shall consist of inserting live, woody, rootable plant cuttings into <br />streambanks and encouraging their growth as described in the Live Stakes Construction <br />guidelines (Appendix B). When properly utilized, the binding root mass of the mature shrubs <br />and/or trees will ultimately stabilize and reinforce the soil. If any riverbanks slopes are degraded <br />beyond a moderate slope of 4:1, excavation and grading dirt work should first be considered to <br />repair the bank back to an acceptable slope. Immediately following the completion of any dirt <br />work, disturbed area will be stabilized and seeded with an appropriate vegetation mix, such as <br />MN BWSR riparian S&W 34-262 (Appendix A). <br /> <br />4.2 Floodplain Forest <br />Planting the sites with bare-root seedlings and container trees has been found to be the most <br />effective way to restore floodplain forest in this region. The work would include woody debris <br />removal, disking, herbicide treatment, and planting bare-root seedlings of plains cottonwood <br />(Populus deltoides monilifera), peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides), boxelder (Acer negundo), <br />hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), silver maple (Acer <br />saccharinum), black walnut (Juglans nigra) and American basswood (Tilia americana). Hard <br />mast species would involve planting bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) container trees. Container <br />and bare root seedlings should be planted at a rate of 550 trees per acre with a 9x9 spacing. <br />Rows should follow the contour of the terrain, if the site is flat rows should meander in a way <br />that looks natural. Up to 20% of the site should also include native shrub species interspersed <br />throughout each site from the following list of species: chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), redosier <br />dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), American hazelnut (Corylus americana), juneberry (Amelanchier <br />alnifolia), American plum (Prunus americana), smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), pin cherry (Prunus <br />pensylvanica), common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), American cranberrybush <br />(Viburnum trilobum). <br /> <br />Monitoring would be conducted, and additional seedlings would be planted if the tree density <br />targets are not attained. No one species shall make up more than 20% of the initial planting <br />stock. <br /> <br />4.3 Oak Savanna <br />The Oak Savanna sites will consist of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) container and bare root <br />seedlings planted at a minimum rate of 300 trees per acre with a 6x6 spacing in several dense <br />aggregates and individual trees interspersed throughout the site. Tree cover should be at least <br />10 percent but no more than 50 percent cover of any field. Inclusion of bur oak bare root stock <br />planting is encouraged to buffer for mortality of planted trees and increase the chance of <br />successful mitigation. This will allow for some parts of the savanna to be more open (greater <br />spacing or “openings”) than other parts and create a more natural appearance. <br />